LABOUR REQUIREMENT FOR VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION WORKS

LABOUR REQUIREMENT FOR VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION WORKS:

The cost of construction project highly depends on the requirements of labour for various activities during construction. There are direct and indirect costs associated with the labour. They are the salary of labours, their accommodation, food, insurance cost etc. Thus it is essential to understand the number labours required for each activity of the construction to estimate the final cost of project.

There are different types of labours that are required for the construction:

• Skilled labours
• Semi-skilled labours
• Unskilled labours

All these types of labours have different skills and different salaries. Their optimum use in every work in construction is essential to minimize the construction cost.

The table below shows the recommended labour requirement for various civil engineering/building/construction works:

S. No.	Description of work	Unit	Labour	Recommended constant in days.
1)	Excavation over areas (hard/dense soil),depth up to 1.5m and removal (up to one meter from edge)	M3	Mate Labour	0.06 0.62
2)	Excavation in trenches (soft/ loose soil),for foundations not exceeding 1.5m in width and for shafts, wells, cesspits and the like, not exceeding 10m3 and on plan, depth up to 1.5m and removal(up to one meter away from edge)	M3	Mate Labour	0.05 0.50
3)	Returning, filling and ramming of excavated earth in layers not exceeding 20 cm in depth, watering, well ramming and leveling, lead up to 50m	M3	Mate Labour Bhisti	0.02 0.25 0.02
4)	Concrete : Mixing by machine (mixer) at banker, cement concrete (with 20mm graded coarse aggregate)	M3	Labour Bhisti Mixer operator Mixer	0.50 0.10 0.07 0.07
5)	Mixer mixed cement concrete	M3	mason Labour bhisti mixer operator mixer vibrator	0.10 1.63 0.70 0.07 0.07 0.07
6)	Reinforced cement concrete in situ in foundations, footings, bases for columns, etc excluding form work and reinforcement. (The constants for items include mixing, pouring, consolidating and curing. This does not include fair finish.)	M3	mason Labour bhisti mixer operator mixer vibrator	0.17 2.00 0.90 0.07 0.07 0.07
7)	Reinforced cement concrete in situ in suspended floors/roofs excluding form work, and reinforcement.	M3	mason Labour bhisti mixer operator mixer vibrator	0.24 2.50 0.90 0.07 0.07 0.07
8)	Mortars: Mixing by hand, cement mortar of any mix/proportions (Labour required will be approximately same for different mix proportions.)	M3	Labour Bhisti	0.75 0.07
9)	Brick work (straight walls): Brick work in walls exceeding one brick thick, in cement / lime mortar (The constants include labour involved in scaffolding.)	M3	mason Labour bhisti	0.94 1.80 0.20
10)	Brick work in walls, one brick thick, in cement/lime mortar. (The constants could be adopted for brick work with any mix or mortar.)	M2	mason Labour bhisti	0.25 0.40 0.10
11)	Formwork / Shuttering: a) fabrication and erection with all supports, struts, braces, etc, and dressing with oil as cleaning of formwork: 1) rectangular column and walls 2) suspended floors/roofs 3) sides and soffits of beam	M3 M2 M2	Carpenter Labour Carpenter Labour Carpenter Labour	0.25 0.20 0.23 0.20 0.30 0.20
12)	Reinforcement: Bar reinforcement including cutting to length, hooked ends, cranking or bending, hoisting and placing in any position, binding wire and holding firmly so as not to be disturbed while placing and ramming of concrete	Quintal	Bar bender Labour	1.00 1.00
13)	Plastering and pointing: a) 15mm thick cement plaster to ceiling including mixing of mortar. b) 15mm thick cement plaster on brick walls (exterior) including mixing of mortar c) Tuck pointing to random rubble masonry in cement mortar including mixing mortar.	M2 M2 M2	mason Labour bhisti mason Labour bhisti mason Labour bhisti	0.08 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.10
14)	Damping proof course: a) Laying damp proof course 40mm thick cement concrete including form work and fair finishing to edges and mixing.	M3	Mason Labour bhisti	0.10 0.10 0.01

Bhisthi means wate